Omirzakova A.R. Kasymzhanov A.

 

Omirzakova A.R.

Kasymzhanov A.

Turan-Astana” University

 

DIFFICULTIES IN TRANSLATING SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TEXTS

Among the urgent problems of modern translation, the development of such a field as the translation of scientific and technical texts takes an important place, in connection with the accelerating scientific and technical process this type of translation is becoming more and more in demand.

The translation of a foreign language text is always associated with many difficulties that arise in the way of an interpreter. When translating, all the subtleties of a foreign language must be taken into account. The task of an interpreter is to feel the style of the article, to convey all the subtleties of the translated material without distorting the original source. One of the most complicated types of translation is a scientific and technical translation, since for an adequate interpretation of a material in another language not only linguistic but technical knowledge is required as well.

Technical translation is the translation of texts of technical subjects, in particular, documents of different specialization, all kinds of reference literature, dictionaries, product conformity certificates, operating instructions, engineering plans, scientific and technical articles, business contracts and other commercial technical proposals. Authors of scientific works avoid the usage of many expressive means of language, in order not to violate the basic principle of the scientific and technical language — the accuracy and clarity of the presentation. From the point of view of the vocabulary, the main feature of technical translation is the maximum saturation of the special terminology that is characteristic of a given branch of knowledge.

The main difficulty in translating artistic texts is the need to interpret the author's intentions, preserve his literary style, psychological and emotional elements. However, the task of the translator of the scientific and technical text is simpler: to convey the author's thought accurately, preserving the features of his style. As already indicated above, in order to understand the scientific and technical text correctly, knowing this subject and related terminology is very important. Technical text cannot be a free retelling, even if the meaning of the translated document is preserved. Such text should not contain any emotional statements and subjective assessments.

The main features of translating scientific and technical texts are manifested in the compulsory knowledge of all terms relating to a specific technical field of translation by the translator. A specialist working with a scientific and technical text should understand not only the meaning of translated words, but also take into account all the nuances of their application. A translator working with a scientific and technical text has to deal with not only linguistics, but also technical disciplines. When translating scientific and technical literature, one should always maintain the style of the original document. Usually all documents of a scientific and technical nature have the main features. Among them, it is worth noting the clear and concise character of the exposition, the strict exposition of technical terminology, the clear logical sequence of information and concreteness in interpreting the facts.

A variety of epithets are excluded while translating scientific and technical text, technical translation from one language to another should be accurate and logically aligned. It is very important not only to convey the essence of the text, but also to avoid minor inaccuracies. For example, a minor mistake in the translation of the technical instruction on the operation of the equipment may prevent a successful start-up or lead to improper use of this equipment.

The translator must reliably communicate the information, translating the text from the native language to a foreign one or vice versa, to withstand the style of the document, to give a logically meaningful interpretation, taking into account all the specifics of the terminology. D. V. Ranni said that in the process of translation the structure of the language of scientific and technical literature should be governed by logic, and clarity should regulate its individual elements. The chosen words should be simple enough and convenient to attract the attention of the reader and the meaning should be understandable [1, p. 75]

In accordance with the basic requirements, such as consistency, conciseness, objectivity, style, the scientific style of the English language shows only its inherent universal style features. Specialists who use the translated texts should understand the information without much difficulty and not be withdrawn to the form of its submission. Translated scientific and technical texts must accurately convey the meaning of the original, be as close as possible to the original form. Translation of scientific and technical texts is impossible without the use of sources of linguistic and technical information, in which the translator must be well-oriented and should use it. In conclusion, repeating the words of T. R. Levitskoy and A. M. Fiterman, one can say that the theoretical preparedness and art of an interpreter is expressed in the ability to find the right solutions to the difficulties, and also in the ability to use the accumulated practical experience [2, p. 83]. Only having versatile and special knowledge, the translator can achieve a full-fledged translation, completely transfer the contents of the translated form in the corresponding original form, without violating the norms of the language to which the translation is done.  

                                      References

1. Ranni D. W. The Elements of Style. (An Introduction to Literary Criticism) / D. W. Ranni. – London, 1951. Ranni, D.W. (1951), «The Elements of Style», London, England.

2. Левицкая Т. Р. Теория и практика перевода с английского на русский / Т. Р. Левицкая, А. М. Фитерман — М.: Изд-во л-ры на иностранных языках, 1963. – 125 с.